PowerTOP：在 Linux 上監(jiān)視電量使用和改善筆記本電池壽命

你可以使用 PowerTOP 工具來查看沒有接入電源線時電量都用在了何處。

— Vinoth Kumar

我們都知道，現(xiàn)在幾乎都從 PC 機換到了筆記本電腦了。但是使用筆記本有個問題，我們希望電池耐用，我們可以使用到每一點電量。所以，我們需要知道電量都去哪里了，是不是浪費了。

你可以使用 PowerTOP 工具來查看沒有接入電源線時電量都用在了何處。你需要在終端中使用超級用戶權(quán)限來運行 PowerTOP 工具。它可以訪問該電池硬件并測量電量使用情況。

什么是 PowerTOP

PowerTOP 是一個 Linux 工具，用于診斷電量消耗和電源管理的問題。

它是由 Intel 開發(fā)的，可以在內(nèi)核、用戶空間和硬件中啟用各種節(jié)電模式。

除了作為一個一個診斷工具之外，PowweTop 還有一個交互模式，可以讓你實驗 Linux 發(fā)行版沒有啟用的各種電源管理設(shè)置。

它也能監(jiān)控進程，并展示其中哪個正在使用 CPU，以及從休眠狀態(tài)頁將其喚醒，也可以找出電量消耗特別高的應(yīng)用程序。

如何安裝 PowerTOP

PowerTOP 軟件包在大多數(shù)發(fā)行版的軟件庫中可用，使用發(fā)行版的包管理器安裝即可。

對于 Fedora 系統(tǒng)，使用 DNF 命令來安裝 PowerTOP。

$ sudo dnf install powertop

對于 Debian/Ubuntu 系統(tǒng)，使用 APT-GET 命令或 APT 命令來安裝 PowerTOP。

$ sudo apt install powertop

對于基于 Arch Linux 的系統(tǒng)，使用 Pacman 命令來安裝 PowerTOP。

$ sudo pacman -S powertop

對于 RHEL/CentOS 系統(tǒng)，使用 YUM 命令來安裝 PowerTOP。

$ sudo yum install powertop

對于 openSUSE Leap 系統(tǒng)，使用 Zypper 命令來安裝 PowerTOP。

$ sudo zypper install powertop

如何使用 PowerTOP

PowerTOP 需要超級用戶權(quán)限，所以在 Linux 系統(tǒng)中以 root 身份運行 PowerTOP 工具。

默認情況下其顯示 “概覽” 頁，在這里我們可以看到所有設(shè)備的電量消耗情況，也可以看到系統(tǒng)的喚醒秒數(shù)。

$ sudo powertop

PowerTOP v2.9 Overview Idle stats Frequency stats Device stats Tunables

The battery reports a discharge rate of 12.6 W

The power consumed was 259 J

The estimated remaining time is 1 hours, 52 minutes

Summary: 1692.9 wakeups/second, 0.0 GPU ops/seconds, 0.0 VFS ops/sec and 54.9% CPU use

Usage Events/s Category Description

9.3 ms/s 529.4 Timer tick_sched_timer

378.5 ms/s 139.8 Process [PID 2991] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 7 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 8314 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00

7.5 ms/s 141.7 Timer hrtimer_wakeup

3.3 ms/s 102.7 Process [PID 1527] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox –new-window

11.6 ms/s 69.1 Process [PID 1568] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 1 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 1 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 0001,

6.2 ms/s 59.0 Process [PID 1496] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox –new-window

2.1 ms/s 59.6 Process [PID 2466] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 3 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 5814 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00

1.8 ms/s 52.3 Process [PID 2052] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 4 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 5814 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00

1.8 ms/s 50.8 Process [PID 3034] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 7 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 8314 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00

3.6 ms/s 48.4 Process [PID 3009] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 7 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 8314 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00

7.5 ms/s 46.2 Process [PID 2996] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 7 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 8314 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00

25.2 ms/s 33.6 Process [PID 1528] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox –new-window

5.7 ms/s 32.2 Interrupt [7] sched(softirq)

2.1 ms/s 32.2 Process [PID 1811] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 4 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 5814 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00

19.7 ms/s 25.0 Process [PID 1794] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 4 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 5814 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00

1.9 ms/s 31.5 Process [PID 1596] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 1 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 1 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 0001,

3.1 ms/s 29.9 Process [PID 1535] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox –new-window

7.1 ms/s 28.2 Process [PID 1488] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox –new-window

1.8 ms/s 29.5 Process [PID 1762] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 3 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 5814 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00

8.8 ms/s 23.3 Process [PID 1121] /usr/bin/gnome-shell

1.2 ms/s 21.8 Process [PID 1657] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 2 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 920 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 000

13.3 ms/s 13.9 Process [PID 1746] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 3 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 5814 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 00

2.7 ms/s 11.1 Process [PID 3410] /usr/lib/gnome-terminal-server

3.8 ms/s 10.8 Process [PID 1057] /usr/lib/Xorg vt2 -displayfd 3 -auth /run/user/1000/gdm/Xauthority -nolisten tcp -background none -noreset -keeptty

3.1 ms/s 9.8 Process [PID 1629] /usr/lib/firefox/firefox -contentproc -childID 2 -isForBrowser -prefsLen 920 -prefMapSize 173895 -schedulerPrefs 000

0.9 ms/s 6.7 Interrupt [136] xhci_hcd

278.0 us/s 6.4 Process [PID 414] [irq/141-iwlwifi]

128.7 us/s 5.7 Process [PID 1] /sbin/init

118.5 us/s 5.2 Process [PID 10] [rcu_preempt]

49.0 us/s 4.7 Interrupt [0] HI_SOFTIRQ

459.3 us/s 3.1 Interrupt [142] i915

2.1 ms/s 2.3 Process [PID 3451] powertop

8.4 us/s 2.7 kWork intel_atomic_helper_free_state_

1.2 ms/s 1.8 kWork intel_atomic_commit_work

374.2 us/s 2.1 Interrupt [9] acpi

42.1 us/s 1.8 kWork intel_atomic_cleanup_work

3.5 ms/s 0.25 kWork delayed_fput

238.0 us/s 1.5 Process [PID 907] /usr/lib/upowerd

17.7 us/s 1.5 Timer intel_unCore_fw_release_timer

26.4 us/s 1.4 Process [PID 576] [i915/signal:0]

19.8 us/s 1.3 Timer watchdog_timer_fn

1.1 ms/s 0.00 Process [PID 206] [kworker/7:2]

2.4 ms/s 0.00 Interrupt [1] timer(softirq)

13.4 us/s 0.9 Process [PID 9] [ksoftirqd/0]

Exit | / Navigate |

PowerTOP 的輸出類似如上截屏，在你的機器上由于硬件不同會稍有不同。它的顯示有很多頁，你可以使用 Tab 和 Shift Tab 在它們之間切換。

空閑狀態(tài)頁

它會顯示處理器的各種信息。

PowerTOP v2.9 Overview Idle stats Frequency stats Device stats Tunables

Package | Core | CPU 0 CPU 4

| | C0 active 6.7% 7.2%

| | POLL 0.0% 0.1 ms 0.0% 0.1 ms

| | C1E 1.2% 0.2 ms 1.6% 0.3 ms

C2 (pc2) 7.5% | |

C3 (pc3) 25.2% | C3 (cc3) 0.7% | C3 0.5% 0.2 ms 0.6% 0.1 ms

C6 (pc6) 0.0% | C6 (cc6) 7.1% | C6 6.6% 0.5 ms 6.3% 0.5 ms

C7 (pc7) 0.0% | C7 (cc7) 59.8% | C7s 0.0% 0.0 ms 0.0% 0.0 ms

C8 (pc8) 0.0% | | C8 33.9% 1.6 ms 32.3% 1.5 ms

C9 (pc9) 0.0% | | C9 2.1% 3.4 ms 0.7% 2.8 ms

C10 (pc10) 0.0% | | C10 39.5% 4.7 ms 41.4% 4.7 ms

| Core | CPU 1 CPU 5

| | C0 active 8.3% 7.2%

| | POLL 0.0% 0.0 ms 0.0% 0.1 ms

| | C1E 1.3% 0.2 ms 1.4% 0.3 ms

| |

| C3 (cc3) 0.5% | C3 0.5% 0.2 ms 0.4% 0.2 ms

| C6 (cc6) 6.0% | C6 5.3% 0.5 ms 4.7% 0.5 ms

| C7 (cc7) 59.3% | C7s 0.0% 0.8 ms 0.0% 1.0 ms

| | C8 27.2% 1.5 ms 23.8% 1.4 ms

| | C9 1.6% 3.0 ms 0.5% 3.0 ms

| | C10 44.5% 4.7 ms 52.2% 4.6 ms

| Core | CPU 2 CPU 6

| | C0 active 11.2% 8.4%

| | POLL 0.0% 0.0 ms 0.0% 0.0 ms

| | C1E 1.4% 0.4 ms 1.3% 0.3 ms

| |

| C3 (cc3) 0.3% | C3 0.2% 0.1 ms 0.4% 0.2 ms

| C6 (cc6) 4.0% | C6 3.7% 0.5 ms 4.3% 0.5 ms

| C7 (cc7) 54.2% | C7s 0.0% 0.0 ms 0.0% 1.0 ms

| | C8 20.0% 1.5 ms 20.7% 1.4 ms

| | C9 1.0% 3.4 ms 0.4% 3.8 ms

| | C10 48.8% 4.6 ms 52.3% 5.0 ms

| Core | CPU 3 CPU 7

| | C0 active 8.8% 8.1%

| | POLL 0.0% 0.1 ms 0.0% 0.0 ms

| | C1E 1.2% 0.2 ms 1.2% 0.2 ms

| |

| C3 (cc3) 0.6% | C3 0.6% 0.2 ms 0.4% 0.2 ms

| C6 (cc6) 7.0% | C6 7.5% 0.5 ms 4.4% 0.5 ms

| C7 (cc7) 56.8% | C7s 0.0% 0.0 ms 0.0% 0.9 ms

| | C8 29.4% 1.4 ms 23.8% 1.4 ms

| | C9 1.1% 2.7 ms 0.7% 3.9 ms

| | C10 41.0% 4.0 ms 50.0% 4.8 ms

Exit | / Navigate |

頻率狀態(tài)頁

它會顯示 CPU 的主頻。

PowerTOP v2.9 Overview Idle stats Frequency stats Device stats Tunables

Package | Core | CPU 0 CPU 4

| | Average 930 MHz 1101 MHz

Idle | Idle | Idle

| Core | CPU 1 CPU 5

| | Average 1063 MHz 979 MHz

| Idle | Idle

| Core | CPU 2 CPU 6

| | Average 976 MHz 942 MHz

| Idle | Idle

| Core | CPU 3 CPU 7

| | Average 924 MHz 957 MHz

| Idle | Idle

設(shè)備狀態(tài)頁

它僅針對設(shè)備顯示其電量使用信息。

PowerTOP v2.9 Overview Idle stats Frequency stats Device stats Tunables

The battery reports a discharge rate of 13.8 W

The power consumed was 280 J

Usage Device name

46.7% CPU misc

46.7% DRAM

46.7% CPU core

19.0% Display backlight

0.0% Audio codec hwC0D0: Realtek

0.0% USB device: Lenovo EasyCamera (160709000341)

100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation HD Graphics 530

100.0% Radio device: iwlwifi

100.0% PCI Device: O2 Micro, Inc. SD/MMC Card Reader Controller

100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers

100.0% USB device: Lenovo Wireless Optical Mouse N100

100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation Wireless 8260

100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation HM170/QM170 Chipset SATA Controller [AHCI Mode]

100.0% Radio device: btusb

100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #4

100.0% USB device: xHCI Host Controller

100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family USB 3.0 xHCI Controller

100.0% PCI Device: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller

100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #3

100.0% PCI Device: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd NVMe SSD Controller SM951/PM951

100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #2

100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #9

100.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family SMBus

26.1 pkts/s Network interface: wlp8s0 (iwlwifi)

0.0% USB device: usb-device-8087-0a2b

0.0% runtime-reg-dummy

0.0% Audio codec hwC0D2: Intel

0.0 pkts/s Network interface: enp9s0 (r8168)

0.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family Power Management Controller

0.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation HM170 Chipset LPC/eSPI Controller

0.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor PCIe Controller (x16)

0.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1

0.0% PCI Device: NVIDIA Corporation GM107M [GeForce GTX 960M]

0.0% I2C Adapter (i2c-8): nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0005

0.0% runtime-PNP0C14:00

0.0% PCI Device: Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family HD Audio Controller

0.0% runtime-PNP0C0C:00

0.0% USB device: xHCI Host Controller

0.0% runtime-ACPI000C:00

0.0% runtime-regulatory.0

0.0% runtime-PNP0C14:01

0.0% runtime-vesa-framebuffer.0

0.0% runtime-coretemp.0

0.0% runtime-alarmtimer

Exit | / Navigate |

可調(diào)整狀態(tài)頁

這個頁面是個重要區(qū)域，可以為你的筆記本電池優(yōu)化提供建議。

PowerTOP v2.9 Overview Idle stats Frequency stats Device stats Tunables

>> Bad Enable SATA link power management for host2

Bad Enable SATA link power management for host3

Bad Enable SATA link power management for host0

Bad Enable SATA link power management for host1

Bad VM writeback timeout

Bad Autosuspend for USB device Lenovo Wireless Optical Mouse N100 [1-2]

Good Bluetooth device interface status

Good Enable Audio codec power management

Good NMI watchdog should be turned off

Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-7 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0002)

Good Autosuspend for unknown USB device 1-11 (8087:0a2b)

Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-3 (i915 gmbus dpd)

Good Autosuspend for USB device Lenovo EasyCamera [160709000341]

Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-1 (i915 gmbus dpc)

Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-12 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0009)

Good Autosuspend for USB device xHCI Host Controller [usb1]

Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-13 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-aux-000a)

Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-2 (i915 gmbus dpb)

Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-8 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0005)

Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-15 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-aux-000c)

Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-16 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-aux-000d)

Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-5 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0000)

Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-0 (SMBus I801 adapter at 6040)

Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-11 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0008)

Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-14 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-aux-000b)

Good Autosuspend for USB device xHCI Host Controller [usb2]

Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-9 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0006)

Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-10 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0007)

Good Runtime PM for I2C Adapter i2c-6 (nvkm-0000:01:00.0-bus-0001)

Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family HD Audio Controller

Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family USB 3.0 xHCI Controller

Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor Host Bridge/DRAM Registers

Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #9

Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation HD Graphics 530

Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller

Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #3

Good Runtime PM for PCI Device O2 Micro, Inc. SD/MMC Card Reader Controller

Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation HM170 Chipset LPC/eSPI Controller

Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1

Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Samsung Electronics Co Ltd NVMe SSD Controller SM951/PM951

Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation HM170/QM170 Chipset SATA Controller [AHCI Mode]

Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family Power Management Controller

Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #2

Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation Wireless 8260

Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v5/E3-1500 v5/6th Gen Core Processor PCIe Controller (x16)

Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port #4

Good Runtime PM for PCI Device Intel Corporation 100 Series/C230 Series Chipset Family SMBus

Good Runtime PM for PCI Device NVIDIA Corporation GM107M [GeForce GTX 960M]

Exit | Toggle tunable | Window refresh

如何生成 PowerTop 的 HTML 報告

運行如下命令生成 PowerTop 的 HTML 報告。

$ sudo powertop –html=powertop.html

modprobe cpufreq_stats failedLoaded 100 prior measurements

Cannot load from file /var/cache/powertop/saved_parameters.powertop

File will be loaded after taking minimum number of measurement(s) with battery only

RAPL device for cpu 0

RAPL Using PowerCap Sysfs : Domain Mask f

RAPL device for cpu 0

RAPL Using PowerCap Sysfs : Domain Mask f

Devfreq not enabled

glob returned GLOB_ABORTED

Cannot load from file /var/cache/powertop/saved_parameters.powertop

File will be loaded after taking minimum number of measurement(s) with battery only

Preparing to take measurements

To show power estimates do 182 measurement(s) connected to battery only

Taking 1 measurement(s) for a duration of 20 second(s) each.

PowerTOP outputing using base filename powertop.html

打開 file:///home/daygeek/powertop.html 文件以訪問生成的 PowerTOP 的 HTML 報告。

PowerTOP：在 Linux 上監(jiān)視電量使用和改善筆記本電池壽命

自動調(diào)整模式

這個功能可以將所有可調(diào)整選項從 BAD 設(shè)置為 GOOD，這可以提升 Linux 中的筆記本電池壽命。

$ sudo powertop –auto-tune

modprobe cpufreq_stats failedLoaded 210 prior measurements

Cannot load from file /var/cache/powertop/saved_parameters.powertop

File will be loaded after taking minimum number of measurement(s) with battery only

RAPL device for cpu 0

RAPL Using PowerCap Sysfs : Domain Mask f

RAPL device for cpu 0

RAPL Using PowerCap Sysfs : Domain Mask f

Devfreq not enabled

glob returned GLOB_ABORTED

Cannot load from file /var/cache/powertop/saved_parameters.powertop

File will be loaded after taking minimum number of measurement(s) with battery only

To show power estimates do 72 measurement(s) connected to battery only

Leaving PowerTOP